Skip to main content
For a distinguished and appropriately documented book on the history of the United States, Ten thousand dollars ($10,000).

Custer's Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America, by T.J. Stiles (Alfred A. Knopf)

A rich and surprising new telling of the journey of the iconic American soldier whose death turns out not to have been the main point of his life. (Moved by the Board from the Biography category.)
T.J. Stiles.

Columbia University President Lee C. Bollinger (left) presents the 2016 History Prize to T.J. Stiles.

Winning Work

Custer's Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America

From the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award winner, a brilliant new biography of Gen. George Armstrong Custer that radically changes our view of the man and his turbulent times.

In this magisterial biography, T. J. Stiles paints a portrait of Custer both deeply personal and sweeping in scope, proving how much of Custer’s legacy has been ignored. He demolishes Custer’s historical caricature, revealing a volatile, contradictory, intense person—capable yet insecure, intelligent yet bigoted, passionate yet self-destructive, a romantic individualist at odds with the institution of the military (he was court-martialed twice in six years). 

The key to understanding Custer, Stiles writes, is keeping in mind that he lived on a frontier in time. In the Civil War, the West, and many areas overlooked in previous biographies, Custer helped to create modern America, but he could never adapt to it. He freed countless slaves yet rejected new civil rights laws. He proved his heroism but missed the dark reality of war for so many others. A talented combat leader, he struggled as a manager in the West. 

He tried to make a fortune on Wall Street yet never connected with the new corporate economy. Native Americans fascinated him, but he could not see them as fully human. A popular writer, he remained apart from Ambrose Bierce, Mark Twain, and other rising intellectuals. During Custer’s lifetime, Americans saw their world remade. His admirers saw him as the embodiment of the nation’s gallant youth, of all that they were losing; his detractors despised him for resisting a more complex and promising future. Intimate, dramatic, and provocative, this biography captures the larger story of the changing nation in Custer’s tumultuous marriage to his highly educated wife, Libbie; their complicated relationship with Eliza Brown, the forceful black woman who ran their household; as well as his battles and expeditions. It casts surprising new light on a near-mythic American figure, a man both widely known and little understood.

--from the publisher

Biography

T. J. Stiles is the author of The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt, winner of the 2009 National Book Award in Nonfiction and the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in Biography, and Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War. A member of the Society of American Historians and a former Guggenheim fellow, he lives in Berkeley, California, with his wife and two children.

Finalists

Nominated as finalists in History in 2016:

Annie Jacobsen

A brilliantly researched account of a small but powerful secret government agency whose military research profoundly affects world affairs.

Brian Matthew Jordan

A history exposing mental and physical infirmities that beset Civil War veterans, maladies that echo in the experiences of many veterans today.

James M. Scott

A spellbinding narrative that uses Chinese, Russian and Japanese sources to expand the story of the first American attack on Japan during World War II.

The Jury

Andrés Reséndez(Chair)

Professor of History

Linda Gordon

University Professor of the Humanities and Florence Kelley Professor of History

Hank Klibanoff*

James M. Cox Jr. Professor of Journalism and Director of the Journalism Program

Winners in History

Elizabeth A. Fenn

An engrossing, original narrative showing the Mandans, a Native American tribe in the Dakotas, as a people with a history.

Alan Taylor

A meticulous and insightful account of why runaway slaves in the colonial era were drawn to the British side as potential liberators.

Fredrik Logevall

A balanced, deeply researched history of how, as French colonial rule faltered, a succession of American leaders moved step by step down a road toward full-blown war.

Manning Marable

An exploration of the legendary life and provocative views of one of the most significant African-Americans in U.S. history, a work that separates fact from fiction and blends the heroic and tragic.

2016 Prize Winners

William Finnegan

A finely crafted memoir of a youthful obsession that has propelled the author through a distinguished writing career.

Peter Balakian

Poems that bear witness to the old losses and tragedies that undergird a global age of danger and uncertainty.

Viet Thanh Nguyen

A layered immigrant tale told in the wry, confessional voice of a "man of two minds" -- and two countries, Vietnam and the United States.

Henry Threadgill

Recording released on May 26, 2015 by Zooid, a highly original work in which notated music and improvisation mesh in a sonic tapestry that seems the very expression of modern American life (Pi Recordings).